Wednesday, 8 October 2014

INTRODUCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY



INTRODUCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

IT jobs include computer programming, network administration, computer engineering, Web development, technical support, and many other related occupations. Since we live in the "information age," information technology has become a part of our everyday lives. That means the term "IT," already highly overused, is here to stay.

DEFINITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Information technology or IT can be defined briefly as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate  information.

DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

 We will see some of the development of IT from stand-alone computer, mainframe, client-server network, distributed computing and up to the latest trend which is the cloud computing

     Stand-Alone Computer   
 
             A desktop or laptop computer that is used on its own without requiring a            connection to a network.
  
     Mainframe

             Characteristics
  •      A large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of    connected users simultaneously.

              Size
  •        occupies a partial or full room

              Capabilities
  •         executes billions of instructions per second
  •         Stores tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information.
  •        Mainframe computers can handle thousands of connected computers and process millions of instructions per second.


          Advantages
  • Lots of processes because mainframes support several dozen central processors (CPU chips) in one system.
  • Super reliable because mainframe operating systems circuitry is designed to detect and correct errors.

       Disadvantages
  • Mainframes occupies lot of space and produce lot of heat.
  • Cost of mainframe and its hardware is very high.



     CLIENT SERVER NETWORK
     
       An architecture in which the user's PC (the client) is the requesting machine and the server is the supplying machine, both are connected via a network such as the Internet.


Advantages of client-server network:

1.  Computer can easily be added or replaced without purchasing any additional hardware or software.
 It is because a client server is centralized, server can easily move files and applications from an old computer to a new one

2.   Flexible to adapt and to change  new technologies because it has a centralized management (server).

3. Secure because servers ensure that everything that goes in and out of the network passes through secured security measures.
 Servers can allow certain users to access the network from the Internet or externally without compromising the network from hackers and unauthorized users.


      DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

A type of computing which different components and object comprising an application can be located on different computers connected to a network.
For example, a word processing application might consist of an editor component on one computer, a spell-checker object on a second computer, and a thesaurus on a third computer.

    
      CLOUD COMPUTING
   An Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users.
  3 major components:
  • Provider
  • The Cloud (Internet)
  • User

           Advantages of Cloud Computing

  • Reduced cost - users pay only for what they are using 
  • Easy maintenance - users don’t have to worry about the complexity behind the scenes.
  • Easy reallocation of resources
  • Remote Accessibility - business is not restricted to a particular location. You can access the services from anywhere.

  • Easy Expansion – you can quickly access more resources if you need to expand your business without the need to buy extra infrastructure.
    • Security - offer real-time backup which results in less data loss. In case of outage, customers can use the backup servers that sync with the main ones as soon as they are up, clouds are less prone to hacks as people don’t know the whereabouts of your data.



APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

  • Education
  • Government
  • Health Care
  • Finance
  • Science
  • Publishing
  • Travel
  • Manufacturing
EDUCATION 
Computers to assist with education : e.g.:
  • Teacher : use IT to do research for teaching materials, participate in online forum and online reference, use software to lecture notes
  • Student : browse Internet -  reference tools for looking information in the Internet
  • School Administrators : for administrative such as keeping students and teachers record
Different approach of delivery : e.g.
  • Self-access Learning – Portal e Learning
  • Distance learning
  • Web-based Learning
  •  Distance learning : a process of transferring knowledge to learners (students) who are separated from the instructor (teacher) by time and/or physical distance and are making use of technology components, such as the Internet, video, CD’s, tapes, and other forms of technology to accomplish learning.
FINANCE 
 
Used IT to manage their finances – e.g.:
  • Used finance software  to balance check books, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, manage investments, and evaluate financial plans.
Improved banking system & payments - e.g.:
  • Online banking services-
  • Check the balance of bank accounts
  • Pay bills
  • Transfer money between accounts (using EFT)
  • Apply for loans, or other services
Electronic Payment system – PayPal, Debit Card
GOVERNMENT 
 To provide citizens with up-to-date information- e.g.:  
  • government Web sites- e- government : to file taxes, apply for permits and licenses, pay parking tickets, buy stamps, report crimes, apply for financial aid, and renew vehicle registrations and driver’s licenses.
  • My Government Portal
Employees of government agencies use IT as part of their daily routine – e.g.:
  • Office automation – MS Office
  • Planning and budgetary control electronics (eSPKB).
  • Purchasing of assets - e-Perolehan
HEALTH CARE
1. Managing Patient Records - e.g. make use of computerised databases to store patient records 
 
2. Monitoring of Patients – e.g.. Sensors are attached to the patient. Sensors are used to monitor:

  • Pulse rate (heart beats per minute)
  • Temperature
  • Breathing rate (breathes per minute)
  • Blood oxygen levels
  • Blood pressure
3. Diagnosis of Illness / Assist with medical test – e.g.. CT scanners and MRI scanners allow doctors to investigate what is happening inside a patient's body without intrusive surgery.
 4. Assist in surgery  : e.g.
  • Telemedicine: health-care professionals in separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer.

  • Telesurgery : remote surgery, a surgeon performs an operation on a patient who is not located in the same physical room as the surgeon. Telesurgery enables surgeons to direct robots to perform an operation via computers connected to a high-speed network.
 SCIENCE
1. to assist scientist with collecting, analyzing, and modeling data - e.g.:
Used  tiny computers to imitate functions of the central nervous system, retina of the eye, and cochlea of the ear.
Cameras small enough to swallow — sometimes called a camera pill  to take pictures inside a body to detect polyps, cancer, and other abnormalities
2.use the Internet to communicate with colleagues around the world - e.g.:
teleconferencing

3. Use IT as implant devices - e.g.
A cochlear implant allows a deaf person to listen
Electrodes implanted in the brain stop tremors associated with Parkinson’s disease.
PUBLISHING 
  
1. Assists with work - e.g.:
  • Special software to assists graphic designers in developing pages that include text, graphics, and photos
  • artists in com posing and enhancing songs
  • filmmakers in creating and editing film
  • journalists and mobile users in capturing and modifying video clips
2. Online publishing
  • Digital magazine
  • Digital newspaper
TRAVEL
 1. a tool that is used to measure distance and to help pinpoint location any place in the world – e.g.:
  • Global Positioning System (GPS)
  • Google map – print directions and a map from the Web.
2. Offer on-line services – e.g.:
  • On-line hotel reservation
  • On-line ticket reservation – Malaysian Airline System (MAS), AirAsia
MANUFACTURING
 
1.  to assist with manufacturing processes - e.g. :
  • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) - to reduce product development costs, shorten a product’s time to market, and stay ahead of the competition
  • Computer-aided design  (CAD)- to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.
2. To manage data - e.g.:
  • Use software to update inventory, production, payroll, and accounting records on the company’s network.




Wednesday, 3 September 2014

ASEAN KOMUNITI

 ASEAN KOMUNITI
  
 


PENGENALAN ASEAN

ASEAN adalah singkatan bagi Association of Southeast Asian Nations yang dikenali dalam bahasa Malaysia sebagai Pertubuhan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Ia ditubuhkan pada 8 Ogos 1967.

 ASEAN yang dianggotai 10 negara mempunyai penduduk berjumlah kira-kira 515 juta orang yang terdiri daripada pelbagai bangsa, budaya dan agama dengan jumlah keluasan lebih kurang 4.5 juta kilometer persegi.






 Negara-negara Pengasas ASEAN

Malaysia, Indonesia, Filipina, Singapura dan Thailand.


 Negara Anggota ASEAN Dan Tarikh Kemasukan

Malaysia                        8 Ogos 1967
Indonesia                       8 Ogos 1967
Filipina                           8 Ogos 1967
Singapura                      8 Ogos 1967
Thailand                         8 Ogos 1967
Brunei Darussalam       7 Januari 1984
Vietnam                         28 Julai 1995
Laos                                23 Julai 1997
Myanmar                       23 Julai 1997
Kemboja                         30 April 1999



 Sejarah

 ASEAN atau Pertubuhan Negara-Negara Asia Tenggara  ditubuhkan pada 8 Ogos 1967 selepas satu sidang kemuncak diadakan di Bangkok dan dihadiri oleh perwakilan  Kerajaan Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Filipina dan Singapura.  Dalam sidang kemuncak ini satu deklarasi telah ditandatangani, iaitu Deklarasi  Bangkok.  Deklarasi  ini telah menjadi asas kepada pembentukan ASEAN.  Pengisytiharan ASEAN telah ditandatangani oleh Tun Abdul Razak (Timbalan Perdana Menteri Malaysia), Tun Adam Malik (Menteri Luar Indonesia), S. Rajaratnam (Menteri Luar Singapura), Thanat Khoman (Menteri Luar Thailand) dan N. Ramos (Setiausaha Luar Filipina).

 Rantau ASEAN  mempunyai populasi penduduk kira-kira 500 juta orang, dengan keluasan 4.5 juta kilometer persegi dan jumlah keluaran domestik bersama kira-kira US$ 737 billion.
 Penyertaan Malaysia dalam ASEAN adalah berdasarkan keazaman Negara ini untuk menyelesaikan perbezaan politik dengan Filipina dan Singapura.  Di samping itu, Malaysia berhasrat untuk menjalin hubungan yang erat dengan Indonesia yang dipimpin oleh Presiden Suharto.  Pertikaian dan perbalahan politik semasa yang wujud di kawasan serantau dan keperluan untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini merupakan motif utama dalam menentukan kewujudan ASEAN.  Ini diperkukuhkan lagi menerusi persefahaman bersama di kalangan lima buah Negara kawasan serantau mengenai sokongan pihak luar  (dirujukkan kepada Negara China) bagi pemberontakan dalam negeri oleh pihak komunis.







Matlamat Penubuhan ASEAN
  • Mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi, pembangunan sosial dan kemajuan budaya di rantau ini melalui kerjasama ke arah melahirkan komuniti Asia Tenggara yang aman dan makmur.
  • Memupuk keamanan dan kestabilan serantau dengan menjungjung tinggi keadilan dan keluhuran undang-undang dari segi hubungan antara negara di rantau ini, di samping berpegang teguh pada prinsip-prinsip yang terkandung dalam Piagam Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu.
  • Memupuk kerjasama serta semangat bantu-membantu dalam bidang pendidikan, professional, teknikal dan pentadbiran.
  • Bekerjasama dengan lebih berkesan bagi memajukan bidang pertanian dan industri, meningkatkan perdagangan termasuk dengan membuat kajian mengenai perdagangan komoditi antarabangsa, memajukan kemudahan pengangkutan dan komuniksi serta memperbaiki taraf hidup penduduk.
  • Memperbanyakkan lagi kajian mengenai Asia Tenggara. 
     
     
    Kerjasama Dalam Bidang Politik dan Keselamatan

     Kerjasama dalam bidang politik dan keselamatan menjadi agenda utama ASEAN pada peringkat awal penubuhannya. Antara agenda penting ASEAN yang melibatkan isu-isu politik dan keselamatan ialah:
    • ZOPFAN (Zon Aman, Bebas dn Berkecuali) 1971.Perjanjian Berbaik-baik dan Kerjasama Asia Tenggara (TAC) 1976.
    • Deklarasi Konkord ASEAN 1976.
    • Forum Serantau ASEAN (ARF) 1994.
    • Perjanjian Zon Bebas Senjata Nuklear Asia Tenggara 1995.

    Kerjasama Dalam Bidang Ekonomi

     Antara kerjasama ekonomi yang dilaksanakana oleh ASEAN ialah:
    • Projek Industri ASEAN 1976.
    • Skim Pelengkap INdustri ASEAN 1981.
    • Skim Usahasama Perindustrian ASEAN 1983.
    • Kawasan PErdagangan Bebas Asean (afta) 1992.
    • Skim Keutamaan Tarif Sama Rata Berkesan (CEPT) 1993.
       
    Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN dan Negara Tuan Rumah

    • Sidang Kemuncak Pertama – Bali, Indonesia (1976)
    • Sidang Kemuncak Kedua  - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1977).
    • Sidang Kemuncak Ketiga – Manila, Filipina (1987).
    • Sidang Kemuncak Keempat – Singapura (1992).
    • Sidang Kemuncak Kelima – Bangkok, Thailand (1995).
    • Sidang Kemuncak Keenam – Hanoi, Vietnam (1998).
    • Sidang Kemuncak Ketujuh – Bandar Seri Bagawan, Brunei (2001)
    • Sidang Kemuncak Kelapan – Phnom Penh, Kemboja (2002).
       
       
       
       
       
    Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN Dengan Rakan Dialog

    •  Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN+3 Pertama – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1997).
    • Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN+3 Kedua – Bangkok, Thailand (1998).
    • Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN+3 Ketiga – Manila, Filipina (1999).
    • Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN+3 Keempat – Singapura (2000)
    • Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN+3 Kelima – Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei (2001).
    • Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN+3 Keenam – Phnom Penh, Kemboja (2002).
       
    Rakan dialog ASEAN terdiri daripada China, Jepun, Korea Selatan dan India.


     KEPENTINGAN NEGARA ASEAN
     
    Ketika Pertubuhan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara (ASEAN) ditubuhkan pada 8 Ogos 1967 di Bangkok, l ima buah negara terlibat sebagai anggota utama, iaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura dan Thailand. Kini, ASEAN mempunyai 10 negar a sebagai anggota termasuk Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Myanmar, Kemboja dan Laos, manakala Timur Leste bakal menjadi anggota ke-11 ASEAN.
    Deklarasi ASEAN yang diperakui semua negara anggota banyak menyentuh matlamat dan tujuan penubuhan ASEAN, iaitu untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi, kemajuan sosial dan pembangunan budaya di rantau ini; dan menggalakkan keamanan dan kestabilan serantau melalui penghormatan bagi keadilan serta peraturan undang-undang dalam hubungan kalangan negara di rantau ini dengan mematuhi prinsip piagam Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu (PBB).

    Pada tahun 2003, semua pemimpin ASEAN memutuskan bahawa komuniti ASEAN harus diwujudkan dengan mengandungi tiga tonggak utama, iaitu Majlis Keselamatan ASEAN, Komuniti Ekonomi ASEAN dan Komuniti Sosio-budaya ASEAN melalui Bali Concord I, II dan III. Selaras dengan itu, matlamat untuk mengintegrasikan kewangan dan pasaran modal diwujudkan melalui Pelan Tindakan Integrasi ASEAN dengan Kewangan (RIA-FIN), yang meliputi pembangunan pasaran modal, liberalisasi perkhidmatan kewangan dan kerjasama mata wang. Hal ini diikuti keputusan yang dibuat pada Sidang Kemuncak Pemimpin ASEAN 2006 untuk mempercepat penubuhan Komuniti Ekonomi ASEAN pada tahun 2015. Selaras dengan itu, usaha bagi mencapai matlamat pelan tindakan Komuniti ASEAN 2015 turut disokong oleh kebanyakan pemimpin pada Sidang Kemuncak Pemimpin ASEAN di Singapura pada November 2002.

    ASEAN serta rakan anggota dialog akan terus-menerus mengkaji kemungkinan untuk memperluas serta memantapkan integrasi ekonomi dengan mewujudkan hanya satu Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas (FTA) antara pertubuhan serantau 10 negara anggota itu dengan semua rakan perdagangannya di kawasan Asia Timur. Kini, ASEAN sudah mewujudkan beberapa FTA secara berasingan dengan enam rakan dialog di kawasan Asia Timur, iaitu FTA ASEAN – China (2005), FTA ASEAN – Korea (2006), FTA ASEAN – Jepun (2009), FTA ASEAN – India (2010) dan FTA ASEAN – Australia dan New Zealand (2010). Pemimpin ASEAN juga memperakukan pelan kerja bagi ASEAN untuk mewujudkan ASEAN + 1 FTA, dengan mengambil kira Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Asia Timur (EAFTA – ASEAN+3) dan Perjanjian Kerjasama Ekonomi Komprehensif (ASEAN + 6).

    Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN ke- 19 di Bali, Indonesia baru-baru ini, memperakukan Rangka Kerja Serantau untuk Kerjasama Komprehensif bagi kepentingan negara anggota. Pemimpin ASEAN juga memperakukan pelan kerja bagi ASEAN untuk mewujudkan templat ASEAN + 1 FTA, dengan mengambil kira EAFTA – ASEAN+3 dan ASEAN + 6. Sidang Kemuncak ASEAN ke-19 juga bersetuju dengan sebulat suara untuk menerima cadangan bersama oleh Jepun dan China agar tiga kumpulan kerja dibentuk bagi menjalankan kajian integrasi berkenaan, iaitu Kumpulan Kerja Perdagangan, Kumpulan Kerja Sektor Perkhidmatan dan Kumpulan Kerja Pelaburan.



Wednesday, 27 August 2014

NETIQUETTE


NETIQUETTE





DEFINITION

1. Is the code of acceptable behaviours users should follow while on the internet.

2. Is the term for politeness when using the internet.

3. Netiquette, or net etiquette , refers to etiquette on the
internet.




• Three areas where good netiquette is
highly stressed are :

• E-mail

• Online Chat

• Newsgroup







RULES OF NETIQUETTE

• Rules of netiquette on social interaction and communication electronically.

1.Keep messages brief.

• Do not send uncompressed attachment.

2. Be clear.

• Make sure subject lines (e-mail) or page title( web page) reflects your content.





 3. Use appropriate language.
 
• Use proper grammar, spelling and punctuation
• Do not use capital letter.(it's equal to shouting or
screaming)
• Use abbreviations and acronym for phrases.
 • Be polite, avoid offensive language
• Make a good impression – review /edit words and images before sending.

4. Be careful when using sarcasm and humor .
• It might be misinterpreted.

 5 Avoid sending SPAM

  6. Avoid forward chain letter.

7. Avoid sending or posting flames.

8. Never read someone's private email.

9. Clearly identify a spoiler which is a message that reveals a solution to a game or ending to a movie or program.

 10. Read the FAQ (frequently asked questions)

11. Do not assume material is accurate or up to date. Be forgiving of others' mistake.

12. Obey copyright laws
 
• Don't use others' images, content, etc without permission.
• Don't forward email, or use website content without permission.

13.  Cite others' work you use.


 



Wednesday, 20 August 2014

MY FAVOURITES FOOD


MY FAVOURITE FOOD !

BLACK PEPPER STEAK


It was the most awesome food ! Black pepper steak ! Makanan western memang banyak tempat boleh cari tapi yang sedapnye x confirm lagi.

I suggested you from STEAK HOUSE . Memang awesome and harga pon berpatutan .



DOUGHNUTS OF THE BIG APPLE

Oftenly saya selalu beli doughnuts kat Big Apple Low Yat KL sebab saya tinngal di Kuala Lumpur. Resepi yang terbaik bagi saya.


 
DE ELSE OF MACAROON


Masa tengok Running Man , satu scene Song Jihyo makan macaroon..nampak macam sedap..tapi itu macaroon London..Malaysia punya lagi sedap lahh.